{"id":1128,"date":"2026-08-08T22:16:24","date_gmt":"2026-08-08T20:16:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/quai-branly-jacques-chirac-museum-a-world-tour-of-primitive-arts\/"},"modified":"2026-09-03T21:59:03","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T19:59:03","slug":"quai-branly-jacques-chirac-museum-a-world-tour-of-primitive-arts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/en\/quai-branly-jacques-chirac-museum-a-world-tour-of-primitive-arts\/","title":{"rendered":"Quai Branly \u2013 Jacques Chirac Museum \u2014 A World Tour of Primitive Arts"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the banks of the Seine, in the shadow of the Eiffel Tower, a striking building enveloped in greenery houses one of the most fascinating museums in Paris: the Mus\u00e9e du Quai Branly\u2013Jacques Chirac. Dedicated to the arts and civilizations of Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas, it offers a true journey around the world through thousands of works from every corner of the globe. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">African masks, Oceanic statues, pre-Columbian gold, Andean textiles, ritual objects, jewelry, and sculptures: the collection showcases the richness and diversity of non-Western cultures\u2014long overlooked or marginalized\u2014which are celebrated here as artistic creations in their own right. The museum offers an immersion into aesthetic and spiritual worlds of striking depth, inviting visitors to experience a complete change of scenery and to reflect on the diversity of human cultures. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An architectural masterpiece in its own right, designed by Jean Nouvel and opened in 2006, the museum will celebrate its 20th anniversary in 2026. Its distinctive building, its natural garden, and its spectacular living wall make it a unique landmark in the Parisian landscape. This article guides you through its collections, history, treasures, and everything you need to know to plan your visit.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-theme-palette-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1\">The Quai Branly &#8211; Jacques Chirac Museum at a Glance<\/h2>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-theme-palette-1-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-theme-palette-1-background-color has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"\/>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-theme-palette-2-color has-text-color has-link-color has-fixed-layout\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px\"><tbody><tr><td>Address<\/td><td><br\/><strong>37 Quai Branly, 75007 Paris<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Subway<\/td><td>Alma \u2013 Marceau (9), Bir-Hakeim (6), or RER C Pont de l&#8217;Alma<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hours<\/td><td>Tue\u2013Sun 10:30 a.m.\u20137:00 p.m., late night hours on Thursdays until 10:00 p.m., closed Mondays<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rates<\/td><td>~\u20ac14 full price \/ ~\u20ac11 reduced price \u2014 free for those under 18, EU residents under 26, and on the first Sunday of the month<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Official Website<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/quaibranly.fr\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"quaibranly.fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">quaibranly.fr<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"\/>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-theme-palette-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2\">Must-See Works<\/h2>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-theme-palette-1-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-theme-palette-1-background-color has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"\/>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The exhibition is organized by major geographic regions, in a theatrical dim light that showcases the works. The antique objects are in the public domain; the architecture and recent creations remain subject to copyright. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-theme-palette-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3\">1. African Arts<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">an exceptional collection of masks, statues, and ritual objects, whose formal power inspired the revolutions in modern art and the artistic vision of <a href=\"https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/en\/pablo-picasso-the-man-who-reinvented-the-way-we-see\/\">Pablo Picasso<\/a> in the early 20th century.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-theme-palette-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4\">2. The Arts of Oceania<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ancestral sculptures, masks, and canoes from Melanesia and Polynesia, as well as Aboriginal art from Australia, which is among the oldest living artistic traditions.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-theme-palette-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5\">3. Pre-Columbian Gold<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">the treasures of Peru, Mexico, and Colombia, whose sophistication challenges conventional wisdom about ancient American civilizations.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-theme-palette-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6\">4. Andean Textiles<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">textiles of extraordinary fineness, reflecting the sophistication of Andean cultures.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-theme-palette-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7\">5. Patrick Blanc&#8217;s living wall<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More than just a work of art, it is a place: the facade, covered with a profusion of living plants\u2014a constantly evolving living tableau\u2014has become an emblem of the museum.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Quai Branly Museum\u2019s collection brings together thousands of works from four continents, in a vast array of forms, materials, and functions. The exhibition, organized by major geographic regions, takes visitors on a journey through the world\u2019s cultures. Here are the must-see highlights.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">African art forms one of the core elements of the collection, featuring an exceptional array of masks, statues, ritual objects, and adornments. These works, drawn from the continent\u2019s diverse cultures, are striking for their formal power, expressive force, and symbolic richness. It was these African arts that, in the early 20th century, transformed the perspectives of Western artists and fueled the revolutions in modern art.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The arts of Oceania offer a complete change of scenery, with works from Melanesia, Polynesia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Visitors can discover ancestral sculptures, masks, canoes, as well as works by Aboriginal Australian artists, whose depictions of the world and founding myths\u2014such as the Rainbow Serpent\u2014bear witness to one of humanity\u2019s oldest living artistic traditions. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The arts of the Americas often hold the most wonderful surprises. The collection features pre-Columbian treasures\u2014gold and ceramics from Peru, Mexico, and Colombia\u2014 Andean textiles of extraordinary finesse, Amazonian featherwork, jewelry and artifacts from the Indigenous peoples of North America, as well as sculptures and ivory carvings from the Inuit world. The sophistication of these artworks challenges preconceived notions and reveals the richness of ancient American civilizations.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Asian art rounds out this overview, featuring works from the continent\u2019s many cultures\u2014ritual objects, textiles, sculptures, and jewelry\u2014that reflect the diversity of Asian traditions, which are often linked to spiritual practices and daily life.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beyond the objects themselves, it is the museum\u2019s exhibition design that is its true strength: the works, displayed in carefully controlled dim light and highlighted by theatrical lighting, take on a striking presence. Each piece, stripped of its original function, is presented as a work of art, inviting contemplation and respect for the cultures that created them. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-theme-palette-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8\">History of the Building<\/h2>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-theme-palette-1-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-theme-palette-1-background-color has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"\/>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Mus\u00e9e du Quai Branly was born out of a bold ambition: to finally give the arts of non-Western civilizations a prominent place in the French museum landscape. Its recent history is one of long-awaited recognition. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The project was launched in the late 1990s, driven by the joint efforts of art dealer and collector Jacques Kerchache, a passionate enthusiast of primitive art, and Jacques Chirac, then mayor of Paris and later President of the Republic. Both shared the conviction that the arts of Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas deserved to be recognized and exhibited on the same footing as Western art, as major creative achievements of humanity. Once he became president, Chirac made this museum one of the major cultural projects of his term. The collections were assembled from existing holdings, notably those of the Mus\u00e9e de l\u2019Homme and the former Museum of African and Oceanic Arts.   <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To house this new museum, one of the greatest contemporary architects, Jean Nouvel, was commissioned. Inaugurated in 2006, the building he designed is a work of art in its own right\u2014bold and poetic. The main museum, long and narrow, appears to float on colorful stilts; the interior, designed without partitions, offers a vast, fluid, and dimly lit space, ideal for contemplating the works displayed in theatrical half-light. The complex is set within a lush, wild garden designed by landscape architect Gilles Cl\u00e9ment, which shields the museum from the hustle and bustle of the city.   <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the building&#8217;s most spectacular features is its living wall, designed by botanist Patrick Blanc, which covers a vast area of the facade with a profusion of living plants, like a living painting in constant evolution. This wall, which has become iconic, symbolizes the dialogue between nature and culture at the heart of the project. In 2016, on the occasion of its tenth anniversary, the museum was named after Jacques Chirac, in tribute to the man who envisioned it. Celebrating its twentieth anniversary in 2026, it has established itself as a major institution and an essential part of Parisian cultural life.   <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-theme-palette-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9\">How to Visit<\/h2>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-theme-palette-1-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-theme-palette-1-background-color has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"\/>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Quai Branly Museum presents its permanent collections along a continuous exhibition route, organized by major geographic regions\u2014Oceania, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. This layout allows visitors to journey from one continent to another in an open, fluid space without partitions, ideal for strolling and exploring. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The museum\u2019s unique ambiance, with its dim lighting and carefully designed illumination, creates an atmosphere of contemplation and mystery that showcases the works and invites visitors to slow their pace. Plan on spending at least two hours to explore the collections at a leisurely pace, or more if you\u2019d like to delve deeper or visit the temporary exhibitions. An audio guide is available to enhance your visit.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Don&#8217;t forget to enjoy the garden\u2014a green oasis designed by Gilles Cl\u00e9ment\u2014or to admire the famous living wall from the outside. The museum also has a caf\u00e9 and a restaurant, the latter offering a remarkable view of the Eiffel Tower. To avoid the crowds, visit during morning hours or on Thursday evenings, and be sure to book online, especially during school breaks or major exhibitions.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-theme-palette-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-10\">Practical FAQ<\/h2>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-theme-palette-1-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-theme-palette-1-background-color has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"\/>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What are the opening hours of the Mus\u00e9e du Quai Branly?<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The museum is open Tuesday through Sunday, from 10:30 a.m. to 7:00 p.m., with extended hours on Thursdays until 10:00 p.m. (ticket office closes one hour earlier). It is closed on Mondays, as well as on May 1 and December 25. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How much is the admission fee?<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The full-price ticket is approximately \u20ac14, and the reduced-price ticket is approximately \u20ac11, granting access to the permanent collections and temporary exhibitions. Admission is free for visitors under 18, European Union residents under 26, and people with disabilities, as well as for everyone on the first Sunday of the month. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where is the Quai Branly Museum located?<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The museum is located at 37 Quai Branly, in the 7th arrondissement, on the banks of the Seine, right next to the Eiffel Tower. It is accessible via the Alma\u2013Marceau, Bir-Hakeim, and I\u00e9na metro stations, as well as the RER C line (Pont de l&#8217;Alma). <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is there to see at the Mus\u00e9e du Quai Branly?<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The museum showcases the arts and civilizations of Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas: African masks and statues, Aboriginal Australian art, pre-Columbian gold, Andean textiles, ritual objects, and jewelry from the four continents, all presented in a spectacular exhibition design.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Do I need to make a reservation in advance?<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We recommend booking a time slot online, especially during school breaks, on weekends, and during major exhibitions, to avoid waiting.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is the museum included in the Paris Museum Pass?<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes, admission to the permanent collections at the Mus\u00e9e du Quai Branly is included in the Paris Museum Pass.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How much time should I set aside for the visit?<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Allow about two hours for the permanent collections; allow more time if you visit a temporary exhibition or enjoy the garden and the panoramic restaurant.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is the tour suitable for children?<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes, the museum offers tours and activities tailored to young visitors, and children generally find the masks, statues, and artifacts from around the world fascinating.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-theme-palette-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-11\">Around the Museum<\/h2>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-theme-palette-1-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-theme-palette-1-background-color has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"\/>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Quai Branly Museum enjoys an exceptional location on the banks of the Seine and at the foot of the Eiffel Tower, in the heart of one of Paris\u2019s most prestigious neighborhoods. A visit to the museum is the perfect way to explore this iconic neighborhood. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The nearby Eiffel Tower and the Champ de Mars offer one of the most beautiful walks in the capital. The banks of the Seine, with their views of the monuments, invite you to take a leisurely stroll. On the other side of the river, the Palais de Chaillot and the Trocad\u00e9ro Gardens offer a magnificent view of the Eiffel Tower and the museum.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Art lovers can extend their tour by visiting other sites in the 7th arrondissement\u2014which is rich in museums\u2014from the Quai Branly. Exploring primitive art, in fact, sheds new light on modern Western art: it was these masks and sculptures that, in the early 20th century, inspired the great revolutions in painting, from Picasso to modern art. A visit to the Quai Branly is thus both a journey around the world and a key to understanding the art of our time.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nearby Attractions &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/en\/the-grand-palais-the-glass-ship-on-the-champs-elysees\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"748\">The Grand Palais<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u2014 M<\/em><\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#fff; border:1px solid #DDD; border-radius:4px; padding:22px 26px; display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; margin:36px 0 28px 0; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:18px;\"><div><div style=\"font-family:'Lato',sans-serif; font-size:11px; color:#888; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin-bottom:6px; font-weight:700;\">PREPARE YOUR VISIT<\/div><div style=\"font-family:'Cormorant Garamond',Georgia,serif; font-size:19px; font-weight:500; color:#1B2A4A; line-height:1.3;\">Book a tour of the Quai Branly - Jacques Chirac Museum<\/div><\/div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quaibranly.fr\/fr\/informations-pratiques\/venir\/acheter-son-billet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"background:#8B1A2E; color:#fff; padding:13px 22px; border-radius:3px; font-family:&#039;Lato&#039;,sans-serif; font-size:12px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:1px; text-decoration:none; white-space:nowrap;\">BUY A TICKET<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On the banks of the Seine, in the shadow of the Eiffel Tower, a striking building enveloped in greenery houses one of the most fascinating museums in Paris: the Mus\u00e9e du Quai Branly\u2013Jacques Chirac. Dedicated to the arts and civilizations of Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas, it offers a true journey around the world&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":970,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"salle":[],"class_list":["post-1128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-museums"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":35,"label":"Museums"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Musee-du-quai-Branly-Jacques-Chirac-768x1024.jpg",768,1024,true],"author_info":{"display_name":"admin5462","author_link":"https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/en\/author\/admin5462\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":35,"name":"Museums","slug":"museums","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":35,"taxonomy":"category","description":"Guides to French and international museums by Hors Cadre: the works to see, practical tips and online booking.","parent":0,"count":13,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":35,"category_count":13,"category_description":"Guides to French and international museums by Hors Cadre: the works to see, practical tips and online booking.","cat_name":"Museums","category_nicename":"museums","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":false,"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Musee-du-quai-Branly-Jacques-Chirac.jpg",960,1280,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Musee-du-quai-Branly-Jacques-Chirac-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Musee-du-quai-Branly-Jacques-Chirac-225x300.jpg",225,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Musee-du-quai-Branly-Jacques-Chirac-768x1024.jpg",768,1024,true],"large":["https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Musee-du-quai-Branly-Jacques-Chirac-768x1024.jpg",768,1024,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Musee-du-quai-Branly-Jacques-Chirac.jpg",960,1280,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Musee-du-quai-Branly-Jacques-Chirac.jpg",960,1280,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"admin5462","author_link":"https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/en\/author\/admin5462\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"On the banks of the Seine, in the shadow of the Eiffel Tower, a striking building enveloped in greenery houses one of the most fascinating museums in Paris: the Mus\u00e9e du Quai Branly\u2013Jacques Chirac. Dedicated to the arts and civilizations of Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas, it offers a true journey around the world...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1128"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1677,"href":"https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1128\/revisions\/1677"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/970"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1128"},{"taxonomy":"salle","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/horscadre.paris\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/salle?post=1128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}